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PHYSICS (7 topics) Subject

Mechanics and Properties of Matter (14 subtopics) Topic

Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications

Static and kinetic friction - laws of friction - rolling friction

Work done by a constant force and a variable force

Kinetic energy - work-energy theorem - power

Conservative forces: conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies)

Non-conservative forces: motion in a vertical circle

Elastic and inelastic collisions

Elastic behaviour - Stress-strain relationship - Hooke's law

Young's modulus - bulk modulus - shear modulus of rigidity - Poisson's ratio - elastic energy

Viscosity - Stokes' law - terminal velocity - streamline and turbulent flow - critical velocity

Bernoulli's theorem and its applications

Heat - temperature - thermal expansion: thermal expansion of solids

Specific heat capacity: Cp, Cv - latent heat capacity

Qualitative ideas of Blackbody radiation: Wein's displacement Law - Stefan's law

Electrostatics (16 subtopics) Topic

Charges and their conservation

Coulomb’s law - superposition principle

Electric field – electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines

Electric dipole, electric field intensity due to a dipole

Behaviour of a dipole in a uniform electric field

Electric potential - potential difference

Electric potential due to a point charge and dipole

Equipotential surfaces

Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges

Electric flux - Gauss’s law and its applications

Electrostatic induction - capacitor and capacitance

Dielectrics - electric polarisation

Parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric

Applications of capacitor - energy stored in a capacitor

Capacitors in series and in parallel

Van de Graaff generator

Current Electricity & Magnetic Effects of Electric Current (16 subtopics) Topic

Electric Current – drift velocity and mobility and their relation with electric current

Ohm’s law, electrical resistance - V-I characteristics

Electrical resistivity and conductivity - classification of materials in terms of conductivity

Carbon resistors – colour code for carbon resistors

Combination of resistors – series and parallel

Temperature dependence of resistance – internal resistance of a cell

Potential difference and emf of a cell - combinations of cells in series and in parallel

Kirchoff’s law – Wheatstone’s Bridge and its application - Metrebridge - special case of Wheatstone bridge

Potentiometer principle - comparing the emf of two cells

Magnetic effect of electric current – Concept of magnetic field - Oersted’s experiment

Biot-Savart law- Magnetic field due to a current carrying straight wire and circular coil

Tangent galvanometer – Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid – magnetic field lines

Ampere’s circuital law and its application

Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic field and electric field – cyclotron

Force on current carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field – Forces between two parallel current carrying conductors - definition of ampere

Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field - moving coil galvanometer – conversion to ammeter and voltmeter – current loop as a magnetic d

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current (10 subtopics) Topic

Electromagnetic induction - Faraday’s law - induced emf and current - Lenz’s law

Self induction - Mutual induction - self inductance of a long solenoid - mutual inductance of two long solenoids

Methods of inducing emf - (i) by changing magnetic induction (ii) by changing area enclosed by the coil and (iii) by changing the orientation of the coil

AC generator - (Single phase, three phase)

Eddy current - applications

Transformer

Alternating current - AC circuit with resistance

AC circuit with inductor

AC circuit with capacitor

LCR series circuit - Resonance and Q - factor - power in AC circuits

Optics (9 subtopics) Topic

Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula

Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications

Refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula

Magnification, power of a lens, Resolving power, combination of thin lenses in contact, combination of a lens and a mirror

Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism

Wavefront and Huygens’s principle - Reflection, total internal reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wavefronts

Interference - Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width - coherent source - Formation of colours in thin films - Newton’s rings

Diffraction - differences between interference and diffraction of light

Polarisation of light waves - polarisation by reflection - Brewster’s law - double refraction - nicol prism - uses of plane polarised light

Dual Nature of Radiation, Atomic & Nuclear Physics (10 subtopics) Topic

Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics

Electromagnetic spectrum

Photoelectric effect

Light waves and photons - particle nature of light - photocells and their applications

Atomic structure – discovery of the electron – specific charge (Thomson’s method) and charge of the electron (Millikan’s oil drop method) – alpha scattering – R

Nuclear properties - nuclear radii, masses, binding energy, density, charge - isotopes, isobars and isotones - nuclear mass defect - binding energy - stability

Nature of nuclear forces - Radioactivity - alpha, beta and gamma radiations and their properties

Radioactive decay law - half life - mean life - artificial radioactivity - radio isotopes - effects and uses

Radio carbon dating

Nuclear fission - chain reaction - atom bomb - nuclear reactor - nuclear fusion

Semiconductor Devices and their Applications (8 subtopics) Topic

Semiconductor basics - energy bands in solids: difference between metals, insulators and semiconductors

Semiconductor doping - Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors

Formation of P-N Junction - Barrier potential and depletion layer

P-N Junction diode - Forward and reverse bias characteristics - diode as a rectifier - Zener diode - LED

Junction transistors - characteristics - transistor as a switch - transistor as an amplifier - transistor as an oscillator

Logic gates - NOT, OR, AND, EXOR using discrete components

NAND and NOR gates as universal gates

De Morgan’s theorem - Laws and theorems of Boolean algebra

CHEMISTRY (7 topics) Subject

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (3 subtopics) Topic

Atomic Structure: Bohr’s atomic model, Sommerfeld’s extension of atomic structure, electronic configuration, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p, d, f orbitals, Pau

Thermodynamics, Chemical Equilibrium and Chemical Kinetics: I and II Laws of thermodynamics, entropy, Gibb’s free energy, rate of a chemical reaction, factors a

Solutions: Colligative properties, concentration of solutions, Raoult's Law, ideal and non-ideal solutions

INORGANIC AND MATERIAL CHEMISTRY (7 subtopics) Topic

s-block elements: Properties and chemical reactivity of alkali and alkaline earth metals

p-block elements: Phosphorous compounds, inter-halogen compounds, Xenon fluoride compounds

d-block elements: Electronic Configuration, oxidation states, principles of extraction of Copper, Silver, Gold, and Zinc, preparation and properties of CuSO4, A

Lanthanides: Introduction, electronic configuration, general characteristics, lanthanide contraction, uses, comparison with actinides

Coordination Chemistry: IUPAC nomenclature, isomerism, Werner’s theory, Valence Bond theory, uses, bioinorganic compounds

Solid-State Chemistry: Lattice, unit cell, types of crystals, ionic crystals, imperfections, X-Ray diffraction, electrical property, amorphous solids

Surface Chemistry: Adsorption, catalysis

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (1 subtopics) Topic

Electrochemistry: Redox reactions, electrical conductance, Faraday’s laws, strong electrolytes, conductance, Kohlrausch’s Law, pH and buffer solutions, cells, E

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (4 subtopics) Topic

Carbon: Tetravalency, hybridization, classification of organic compounds, functional groups, homologous series, nomenclature, bond cleavage, electrophiles and n

Common Organic Reactions: Substitution, addition, elimination, rearrangement

Isomerism: Structural isomerism, stereoisomerism, geometrical and optical isomerism, chirality, R, S notation, D, L notation

Detection of Functional Groups: Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino groups

PROPERTIES AND CHEMISTRY OF FUNCTIONALIZED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (3 subtopics) Topic

Alcohols and Ethers: Nomenclature, classification, preparation, properties, uses, aromatic alcohols, ethers

Carbonyl Compounds: Nomenclature, preparation, properties, uses, name reactions (Clemmensen reduction, Wolff–Kishner reduction, Cannizzaro reaction, Claisen Sch

Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives: Nomenclature, preparation, properties, uses, derivatives of carboxylic acids

ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS (4 subtopics) Topic

Aliphatic Nitro Compounds: Preparation, properties, uses

Aromatic Nitro Compounds: Preparation, properties, uses

Amines: Preparation, properties, uses, distinction between 1°, 2°, and 3° amines

Diazonium Salts: Preparation, properties

BIOMOLECULES AND POLYMERS (5 subtopics) Topic

Carbohydrates: Sugars and non-sugars, structural formulae of glucose, fructose, sucrose, invert sugar, oligo and polysaccharides

Amino Acids and Proteins: Classification, peptide bond, protein structure, denaturation, enzymes

Lipids: Definition, classification, fats, oils, waxes

Nucleic Acids: Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA

Polymers: Classification, polymerization methods, copolymerization, important polymers, biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers

MATHEMATICS (10 topics) Subject

Matrices and their Applications (6 subtopics) Topic

Algebra of matrices

Determinants and its properties

Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix using determinants and elementary transformations

Rank of a matrix

Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations up to three variables

Solution of Linear Programming problem in two variables

Trigonometry and Complex Numbers (14 subtopics) Topic

Fundamentals of Trigonometry

Trigonometric functions

Inverse Trigonometric functions and their properties

Heights and distances

Complex number system

Conjugate of a complex number

Properties of complex numbers

Ordered pair representation of complex numbers

Argand diagram

Algebra of complex numbers

Modulus and argument (or polar form) of a complex number

Solution of polynomial equations

De Moivre’s theorem and its applications

Roots of a complex number (cube and fourth roots)

Analytical Geometry of two dimensions (12 subtopics) Topic

Coordinate geometry

Equation of a straight line and family of straight lines

Properties of straight lines

Definition of a conic

General equation of a conic

Classification of conics with respect to the general equation and eccentricity

Equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse, hyperbola) in standard forms and general forms

Directrix, Focus and Latus-rectum

Parametric form of conics and chords

Tangents and normals

Cartesian form and parametric form

Equation of chord of contact of tangents

Vector Algebra (5 subtopics) Topic

Scalar product and Vector product of two Vectors

Properties and applications of scalar and vector products

Scalar triple product

Vector triple product

Properties of scalar and vector triple products

Analytical Geometry of Three Dimensions (11 subtopics) Topic

Coordinates of a point in space

Distance between two points

Section formula

Direction ratios and direction cosines

Angle between two intersecting lines

Skew lines

Shortest distance between skew lines and its equation

Equations of a line in different forms

Equations of a plane in different forms

Intersection of a line and a plane

Coplanar lines

Differential Calculus (12 subtopics) Topic

Limits, continuity and differentiability of functions

Properties of limits, continuity and differentiability

Applications: tangent, normal and angle between curves

Mean value theorem

Rolle’s Theorem

Lagrange Mean Value Theorem

Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s series

Stationary points

Increasing and decreasing functions

Maxima and minima of functions of one variable

Concavity and points of inflexion

Errors and approximations

Integral Calculus and its Applications (6 subtopics) Topic

Simple definite integrals

Fundamental theorems of calculus

Properties of definite integrals

Reduction formulae

Area of bounded regions

Length of the curves

Differential Equations (5 subtopics) Topic

Formation of differential equations

Order and degree of differential equations

Solution of first order differential equations

Methods of solving first order differential equations: Variables separable, Homogeneous, Linear equations

Applications of first order differential equations

Probability and Distributions (12 subtopics) Topic

Basics of Probability

Axioms of probability

Addition law of probability

Conditional probability

Multiplicative law of probability

Baye’s Theorem

Random variables

Probability density function

Distribution functions

Mathematical expectation

Variance

Discrete distributions: Binomial and Poisson

Discrete Mathematics (14 subtopics) Topic

Sets

Relations

Functions

Binary Operations

Sequence and series (AP, GP, HP)

Binomial Theorem

Counting Techniques

Mathematical logic

Logical statements

Connectives

Truth tables

Logical equivalence

Tautology

Contradiction

BIOLOGY (10 topics) Subject

Taxonomy (7 subtopics) Topic

Need for classification

Three domains of life

Linnaean, Whittaker, Bentham and Hooker systems of classification

Salient features and classification of non-chordates up to phyla levels

Salient features and classification of chordates up to class levels

Morphology and anatomy of flowering plants

Structural organization in insects (cockroach)

Cell and Molecular Biology (8 subtopics) Topic

Cell theory

Prokaryotic cell and its ultrastructure

Eukaryotic cell structure

Cell cycle and division - amitosis, mitosis and meiosis

Structure of DNA and RNA

Replication, transcription, genetic code, translation

Gene expression and regulation (lac operon)

DNA repair

Reproduction (5 subtopics) Topic

Asexual reproduction

Vegetative propagation in plants

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants

Human reproductive system

Assisted reproductive technologies

Genetics and Evolution (8 subtopics) Topic

Chromosomes - structure and types

Linkage and crossing over

Mutation and chromosomal aberrations

Mendelian inheritance

Chromosomal theory of inheritance

Sex linked inheritance and sex determination in humans

Darwinism and neo Darwinism

Hardy and Weinberg's principle

Human Health and Diseases (6 subtopics) Topic

Pathogens and parasites causing human diseases

Disease control

Basic concepts of immunology

Vaccines and antibiotics

Cancer, HIV and AIDS

Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse

Biochemistry (3 subtopics) Topic

Structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

Enzymes - types, properties and enzyme action

Metabolism - glycolysis, fermentation and Kreb's cycle

Plant Physiology (7 subtopics) Topic

Movement of water, food, nutrients, gases and minerals

Transport mechanisms

Macro and micronutrients

Transpiration and photosynthesis

Hormones and growth regulators

Photoperiodism and vernalization

Nitrogen cycle and biological nitrogen fixation

Human Physiology (8 subtopics) Topic

Digestion and absorption

Breathing and respiration

Body fluids and circulation

Excretory system

Endocrine system

Nervous system

Skeletal and muscular systems

Hormones - types, functions and disorders

Biotechnology and its Applications (11 subtopics) Topic

Recombinant DNA technology

Applications in health, agriculture and industries

Genetically modified organisms

Stem cell technology and gene therapy

Apiculture and animal husbandry

Plant breeding and tissue culture

Microbes in food processing and waste management

Biocontrol agents and biofertilizers

Bio-safety issues, biopiracy and patents

Human and rice genome projects

DNA fingerprinting

Biodiversity, Ecology and Environment (7 subtopics) Topic

Ecosystems: components, types, pyramids, nutrient cycles

Ecological succession and energy flow

Biodiversity - concepts, patterns, importance, conservation

Environmental issues: pollution and its control

Solid and radioactive waste management

Climate change impact and its mitigation

Population attributes - growth, birth and death rate, age distribution

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